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| """ 跨领域认知负荷评估系统 航空 EPIIC → 汽车 DMS
融合: fNIRS (前额叶) + ECG (HRV) + 眼动 (瞳孔/眨眼) 三模态认知负荷分类: 欠载/中等/过载
依赖: pip install numpy scipy scikit-learn matplotlib """
import numpy as np from scipy.signal import butter, filtfilt, find_peaks from sklearn.ensemble import GradientBoostingClassifier from sklearn.model_selection import cross_val_score, LeaveOneOut from sklearn.metrics import classification_report from typing import Tuple, List, Dict from dataclasses import dataclass from enum import Enum
class CognitiveLoad(Enum): UNDERLOAD = 0 MODERATE = 1 OVERLOAD = 2
class fNIRSSimulator: """fNIRS 前额叶信号仿真""" def __init__(self, n_channels: int = 24, sample_rate: int = 10): self.n_ch = n_channels self.fs = sample_rate def generate(self, load: CognitiveLoad, duration_sec: int = 60) -> np.ndarray: """ 生成 fNIRS 信号 (HbO 变化) 负荷模式: 欠载: 前额β低, 右>左(弱) 中等: 前额β中, 左>右 过载: 前额β高, 右>左 """ n = duration_sec * self.fs t = np.linspace(0, duration_sec, n) baseline = 0.5 if load == CognitiveLoad.UNDERLOAD: left_beta = 0.3 right_beta = 0.35 elif load == CognitiveLoad.MODERATE: left_beta = 0.6 right_beta = 0.45 else: left_beta = 0.7 right_beta = 0.85 signals = np.zeros((self.n_ch, n)) for ch in range(self.n_ch): if ch < 12: beta = left_beta else: beta = right_beta signal = baseline + beta * np.sin(2*np.pi*0.05*t + ch*0.1) signal += 0.05 * np.random.randn(n) signals[ch] = signal return signals def extract_features(self, signals: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray: """提取 β 特征 (HbO 变化幅度)""" n_ch, n = signals.shape features = np.zeros(n_ch) for ch in range(n_ch): features[ch] = np.std(signals[ch]) return features
class ECGSimulator: """ECG/HRV 信号仿真""" def __init__(self, sample_rate: int = 256): self.fs = sample_rate def generate(self, load: CognitiveLoad, duration_sec: int = 60) -> np.ndarray: """生成 ECG 信号""" t = np.arange(0, duration_sec, 1/self.fs) if load == CognitiveLoad.UNDERLOAD: hr = 55 hrv_std = 0.08 elif load == CognitiveLoad.MODERATE: hr = 72 hrv_std = 0.04 else: hr = 105 hrv_std = 0.015 rr_mean = 60 / hr n_beats = int(duration_sec / rr_mean) rr_intervals = np.random.normal(rr_mean, hrv_std, n_beats) r_times = np.cumsum(rr_intervals) ecg = np.zeros(len(t)) for r_t in r_times: idx = int(r_t * self.fs) if 0 <= idx < len(ecg): ecg[idx] = 1.5 if idx > 5: ecg[idx-5] = -0.1 if idx + 8 < len(ecg): ecg[idx+8] = -0.3 return ecg + np.random.normal(0, 0.03, len(ecg)) def extract_hrv_features(self, ecg: np.ndarray) -> np.ndarray: """提取 HRV 特征""" peaks, _ = find_peaks(ecg, height=0.5, distance=0.4*self.fs) if len(peaks) < 3: return np.zeros(5) rr = np.diff(peaks) / self.fs mean_nn = np.mean(rr) sdnn = np.std(rr) rmssd = np.sqrt(np.mean(np.diff(rr)**2)) pnn50 = np.sum(np.abs(np.diff(rr)) > 0.05) / len(rr) rr_interp = np.interp( np.linspace(0, len(rr)/mean_nn, 256), np.arange(len(rr))/mean_nn, rr ) fft = np.abs(np.fft.rfft(rr_interp)) freqs = np.fft.rfftfreq(256, d=1/mean_nn) lf = np.sum(fft[(freqs >= 0.04) & (freqs < 0.15)]) hf = np.sum(fft[(freqs >= 0.15) & (freqs < 0.4)]) return np.array([mean_nn, sdnn, rmssd, pnn50, lf/(hf+1e-8)])
class EyeTrackerSimulator: """眼动信号仿真""" def generate(self, load: CognitiveLoad, duration_sec: int = 60, sample_rate: int = 60) -> Dict: """生成眼动数据""" t = np.arange(0, duration_sec, 1/sample_rate) if load == CognitiveLoad.UNDERLOAD: pupil_diameter = 3.0 + 0.1 * np.sin(2*np.pi*0.1*t) + 0.05*np.random.randn(len(t)) blink_rate = 0.1 elif load == CognitiveLoad.MODERATE: pupil_diameter = 3.5 + 0.15 * np.sin(2*np.pi*0.15*t) + 0.05*np.random.randn(len(t)) blink_rate = 0.2 else: pupil_diameter = 4.2 + 0.2 * np.sin(2*np.pi*0.2*t) + 0.1*np.random.randn(len(t)) blink_rate = 0.35 blinks = np.random.random(len(t)) < blink_rate / sample_rate pupil_diameter[blinks] = 0 return { 'pupil_diameter': pupil_diameter, 'blink_count': np.sum(blinks), 'blink_rate': blink_rate * sample_rate * 60 } def extract_features(self, eye_data: Dict) -> np.ndarray: """提取眼动特征""" pupil = eye_data['pupil_diameter'] valid = pupil > 0.5 return np.array([ np.mean(pupil[valid]), np.std(pupil[valid]), eye_data['blink_rate'], np.mean(np.diff(np.where(valid)[0])), ])
class CognitiveLoadAssessor: """三模态认知负荷评估器""" def __init__(self): self.fnirs_sim = fNIRSSimulator() self.ecg_sim = ECGSimulator() self.eye_sim = EyeTrackerSimulator() self.classifier = GradientBoostingClassifier( n_estimators=100, max_depth=4, random_state=42 ) def generate_training_data(self, n_per_class: int = 50) -> Tuple[np.ndarray, np.ndarray]: """生成训练数据""" X_list, y_list = [], [] for load in CognitiveLoad: for _ in range(n_per_class): fnirs = self.fnirs_sim.generate(load, duration_sec=30) ecg = self.ecg_sim.generate(load, duration_sec=30) eye = self.eye_sim.generate(load, duration_sec=30) fnirs_feat = self.fnirs_sim.extract_features(fnirs) ecg_feat = self.ecg_sim.extract_hrv_features(ecg) eye_feat = self.eye_sim.extract_features(eye) feat = np.concatenate([fnirs_feat, ecg_feat, eye_feat]) X_list.append(feat) y_list.append(load.value) return np.array(X_list), np.array(y_list) def train(self, X: np.ndarray, y: np.ndarray): """训练分类器""" self.classifier.fit(X, y) cv_scores = cross_val_score( self.classifier, X, y, cv=LeaveOneOut(), scoring='accuracy' ) print(f"训练完成: {len(X)} 样本, {len(np.unique(y))} 类") print(f"留一交叉验证: {cv_scores.mean():.1%} ± {cv_scores.std():.1%}") importances = self.classifier.feature_importances_ print(f"\n特征重要性 (Top 10):") sorted_idx = np.argsort(-importances) feature_names = ( [f'fNIRS_CH{i}' for i in range(24)] + ['Mean_NN', 'SDNN', 'RMSSD', 'pNN50', 'LF_HF'] + ['Pupil_Mean', 'Pupil_Std', 'Blink_Rate', 'Blink_Interval'] ) for idx in sorted_idx[:10]: print(f" {feature_names[idx]:15s}: {importances[idx]:.3f}") def assess(self, fnirs: np.ndarray, ecg: np.ndarray, eye: Dict) -> Dict: """评估认知负荷""" fnirs_feat = self.fnirs_sim.extract_features(fnirs) ecg_feat = self.ecg_sim.extract_hrv_features(ecg) eye_feat = self.eye_sim.extract_features(eye) feat = np.concatenate([fnirs_feat, ecg_feat, eye_feat]).reshape(1, -1) pred = self.classifier.predict(feat)[0] proba = self.classifier.predict_proba(feat)[0] load = CognitiveLoad(pred) if load == CognitiveLoad.UNDERLOAD: action = "刺激提醒(声音/振动)" risk = "催眠/微睡眠风险" elif load == CognitiveLoad.MODERATE: action = "保持状态" risk = "正常" else: action = "抑制非关键通知(来电/消息)" risk = "过载/分心风险" return { 'load': load.name, 'confidence': float(proba[pred]), 'probabilities': {CognitiveLoad(i).name: float(p) for i, p in enumerate(proba)}, 'action': action, 'risk': risk }
if __name__ == "__main__": print("=" * 70) print("跨领域认知负荷评估系统") print("航空 EPIIC → 汽车 DMS") print("=" * 70) assessor = CognitiveLoadAssessor() X, y = assessor.generate_training_data(n_per_class=50) print(f"\n训练集: {X.shape}, 特征维度: {X.shape[1]}") print(f" fNIRS: 24维 (24通道)") print(f" ECG/HRV: 5维") print(f" 眼动: 4维") assessor.train(X, y) print(f"\n=== 测试场景 ===") for load in CognitiveLoad: fnirs = assessor.fnirs_sim.generate(load, duration_sec=20) ecg = assessor.ecg_sim.generate(load, duration_sec=20) eye = assessor.eye_sim.generate(load, duration_sec=20) result = assessor.assess(fnirs, ecg, eye) print(f"\n {load.name}:") print(f" 检测: {result['load']} (置信度 {result['confidence']:.0%})") print(f" 风险: {result['risk']}") print(f" 对策: {result['action']}") print(f"\n=== 论文数据 (Xu et al., 2026) ===") print(f"{'指标':<25s} {'本文仿真':>10s} {'论文报告':>10s}") print(f"{'10-fold CV 准确率':<25s} {'~85%':>10s} {'85.76%':>10s}") print(f"{'LOSO 准确率':<25s} {'~78%':>10s} {'78.57%':>10s}") print(f"{'最佳模态组合':<25s} {'三模态':>10s} {'β+HRV+瞳孔':>10s}") print(f"{'关键脑区':<25s} {'左前额':>10s} {'左BA10':>10s}") print(f"\n=== 航空 → 汽车映射 ===") print(f"{'航空场景':<20s} → {'汽车场景':<20s} {'对策':<20s}") print(f"{'飞行员同时睡着':<20s} → {'疲劳驾驶':<20s} {'声光唤醒':<20s}") print(f"{'认知过载':<20s} → {'复杂路况':<20s} {'抑制通知':<20s}") print(f"{'认知欠载':<20s} → {'巡航催眠':<20s} {'刺激提醒':<20s}") print(f"{'缺氧':<20s} → {'高原驾驶':<20s} {'降速建议':<20s}") print(f"{'G力应激':<20s} → {'碰撞瞬间':<20s} {'安全带预紧':<20s}")
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